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Governments, Competitors Cooperate to Produce Ebola Vaccine

The worst Ebola outbreak in history is in its second year, and scientists around the world are working to develop a vaccine against the virus. Since December of 2013, when the Ebola outbreak began in West Africa, the World Health Organization reports more than 20,000 people have been infected with the virus, and of those, more than 8,000 people have died.

These researchers are working on a vaccine that could be among the first to be used in West Africa's Ebola epidemic. This laboratory near Rome is owned by pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline, or GSK.

Several teams are working on Ebola vaccines. All say they have sped up the production process because of the urgent need and the number of lives at risk. In November, GSK said the first trial of this vaccine was well-tolerated and produced an immune response in all of the 20 healthy adult volunteers who received it.

The GSK vaccine promotes the production of antibodies and also triggers an immune response of certain cells which destroy infected cells. Dr. Riccardo Cortese heads this laboratory.

"The Ebola virus can't be kept under control by a vaccine that stimulates antibodies only. There is solid evidence that traditional vaccines are not enough. Our vaccine. instead, also stimulates another important branch of the immune system, the one that stimulates killer T cells that are able to recognize infected cells. The combination between two strategies is effective against Ebola," said Cortese.

GSK says more trials are still needed before the vaccine will be ready for widespread use.

Merck, another pharmaceutical giant, announced it is resuming trials of a vaccine known by the code name VSV-ZEBOV. A trial of this vaccine was suspended December 11, 2014, after some of the volunteers reported having mild joint pain. Trials are continuing with a lower dose of the potential vaccine.

The situation in West Africa has created unusual partnerships. At a recent forum in Washington, Dr. Julie Gerberding, the president of Merck, said even rival pharmaceutical companies are working together.

"There are some very special partnerships that are going on here. And one of them is the partnership between the people who are traditionally competitors," said Gerberding.

Several potential vaccines are being developed and are now in clinical trials. This increases the possibility of developing at least one that is effective against Ebola. And if more than one is effective, so much the better. It would increase the chances of that large numbers of people could be immunized, and bring the outbreak to an end. It could also mean there would never again be another Ebola epidemic as bad as this one.

詞匯解析

largely

難度：3星常用詞匯，屬常用6000詞

英漢解釋

adv.大部分；主要地

參考例句

用作副詞 (adv.)

The farming area is centered largely in the south.

農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)大部分集中在南方。

However, in the East, there were many solar deities, including the Greek Helios, who was largely displaced by Apollo.

然而，在東方，有很多太陽神，包括希臘的太陽神，主要地是以阿波羅來命名。

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flee

難度：4星核心詞匯，屬常用3000詞

英漢解釋

vi.逃走；消失；逃避；(時(shí)間)飛逝

vt.逃離

參考例句

用作不及物動(dòng)詞 (vi.)

He tried to flee from the police in a stolen car.

他企圖駕駛一輛偷來的車從警察局逃走。

He should not flee from responsibility.

他不應(yīng)逃避責(zé)任。

用作及物動(dòng)詞 (vt.)

Many refugees have been forced to flee their homeland.

很多難民被迫逃離了祖國(guó)。

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reduce

難度：4星核心詞匯，屬常用3000詞

英漢解釋

v.減少；縮??；使落魄；簡(jiǎn)化；還原

參考例句

用作動(dòng)詞 (v.)

We need to reduce our dependence on oil as a source of energy.

在能源方面,我們需減少對(duì)石油的依賴。

Electrons from water involved in noncyclic photophosphorylation are used to reduce the added substance.

非循環(huán)光合磷酸化中由水提供的電子被用來還原產(chǎn)物。

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revenge

難度：3星常用詞匯，屬常用6000詞

英漢解釋

n.報(bào)仇；報(bào)復(fù)；報(bào)復(fù)心；雪恥機(jī)會(huì)

vt.報(bào)復(fù)；報(bào)仇

參考例句

用作名詞 (n.)

They vowed revenge on their enemies.

他們發(fā)誓要向敵人報(bào)仇。

用作及物動(dòng)詞 (vt.)

They thirsted to revenge themselves upon the enemy.

他們渴望向敵人報(bào)復(fù)。

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overnight

難度：3星常用詞匯，屬常用6000詞

英漢解釋

adv.在夜里；過夜；突然

adj.整晚的；很快的

參考例句

用作副詞 (adv.)

All arrangements for your stay overnight on September10 will, of course, be made by us at our expense.

當(dāng)然,所有安排您在9月10日晚間夜宿的費(fèi)用,將皆由本公司代為支付。

用作形容詞 (adj.)

The actress won overnight fame with her first film.

這個(gè)女演員的第一部電影使她一舉成名。

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legislation

難度：3星常用詞匯，屬常用6000詞

英漢解釋

n.法律；法規(guī)；立法

參考例句

用作名詞 (n.)

The government will introduce legislation to restrict the sale of firearms.

政府將制定法規(guī)限制槍支出售。

The conservationists will not take kindly to the legislation.

自然資源保護(hù)論者對(duì)這項(xiàng)立法不會(huì)做出善意的反應(yīng)。

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silence

難度：4星核心詞匯，屬常用3000詞

英漢解釋

n.沉默；寂靜

vt.使安靜；使沉默

參考例句

用作名詞 (n.)

His forceful arguments reduced his opponents to silence.

他那有力的論點(diǎn)駁得對(duì)手啞口無言。

用作及物動(dòng)詞 (vt.)

The enemy's guns were silenced by repeated bombings.

敵人的炮火因遭到輪番轟炸而沉寂了。

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